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Tout d’abord, il faut rappeler qu’un processus R&D structuré et systématique, quel qu’il soit, est indispensable. Il permet de ne pas oublier des points clés et de coordonner les équipes.
𝖫𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗎𝗌 𝗅𝗂𝗇𝖾́𝖺𝗂𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝗇𝖾𝗅𝗌 :
La plupart des entreprises ont des processus R&D en place, généralement linéaires. C’est-à-dire que schématiquement, nous partons de la définition du besoin, puis vient l’étude de faisabilité, la conception & qualification, l’industrialisation et le lancement commercial. On parle alors de Waterfall, modèle en V et/ou “Gates model”.
Ces modèles ont démontré leur efficacité du fait de la systématisation de la démarche : planification stricte et questionnement à chaque étape avec production de justificatifs. La difficulté est de maintenir la rigueur nécessaire et donc la motivation des équipes. Bien souvent, on simplifie ces étapes en croyant accélérer le processus. On en paye malheureusement le prix par la suite, mais c’est souvent trop tard …
Il apparaît aussi maintenant que les besoins clients sont évolutifs rapidement et les processus linéaires actuels sont de moins en moins adaptés à des marchés toujours plus dynamiques et exigeants en termes de réactivité.
Il faut donc faire évoluer nos organisations R&D pour plus :
- De Flexibilité et de Rapidité,
- D’Interactions avec les clients tout au long du processus R&D et accepter certaines remises en cause des besoins durant le développement
- De Collaborations inter-fonctions, comme entre le Marketing et la R&D.
Comment rendre vos processus plus agiles : Les processus Agiles
Des nouvelles méthodes existent : Agile, Scrum; Kanban, ScrumKanban. Elles viennent majoritairement du monde informatique mais se généralisent avec des adaptations.
Le principe général est basé sur une méthodologie itérative non linéaire, dans laquelle le travail s’effectue en sprints courts, en privilégiant une approche souple et une livraison continue de fonctions produits ciblées, limitées en nombre et définies comme prioritaires. A la fin de chaque sprint, la fonction est testée en situation, idéalement avec le client. Les équipes acceptent la remise en cause du résultat voire de la définition même de la demande. Cette démarche est collégiale, inter fonctions.
Il faut aussi mentionner le Design Thinking dont le principe repose sur l’expérimentation amont rapide et l’itération. Il encourage les équipes à tester de multiples solutions avec les utilisateurs et à tirer les meilleures idées de chacune d’entre elles.
Ces processus génèrent :
- Une grande adaptabilité aux changements de dernière minute,
- Une priorité absolue à la satisfaction du client,
- Une augmentation de la motivation en raison de l’importance du travail d’équipe et de l’implication de ses membres.
Par contre, elles peuvent être source de dérives de planning et de budget et nécessitent une disponibilité des clients importante.
Pourquoi choisir ? => le modèle hybride
Les entreprises doivent faire évoluer leur processus vers plus d’agilité, c’est une certitude. Mais pour une entreprise qui démarre dans la démarche Agile, je conseille de faire simple et progressif et de choisir un modèle hybride :
- Conserver les fondamentaux d’un processus linéaire de type “Lean Gates Model” permet de réduire les risques en structurant la démarche de développement autour de jalons qui questionnent les points clés: valeurs ajoutées, business modèle, qualité, coûts, planning, etc.
- Rajouter des sprints Agiles (Prototypes => Tests => Modifications) pour des fonctions ciblées. Cela permet de se rapprocher des clients et d’apporter des résultats concrets rapidement.
- Intégrer progressivement une démarche de “Design Thinking“ qui est un changement de culture d’entreprise. Elle a pour objectif de faire travailler ensemble la R&D et le Marketing dans une logique de co-création en amont du processus.
Conclusions :
Les processus traditionnels de type “Gates models”, “Waterfall” ou “V” s’accommodent très bien de touches additionnelles d’Agilité. Et l’introduction complémentaire du Design Thinking accompagne l’entreprise dans un changement de culture plus profond, qui outre, plus d’agilité, orientera définitivement les équipes vers une plus grande sensibilité des besoins clients, source d’accélération de l’Innovation. L’expérience prouve que ces changements apportent plus de performance et de motivation.
Vous voulez en parler? contactez-moi: bernard.bechaz@zabd-consulting.fr
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